Supersemar

Warrant Warrant Eleven March or March 11 are shortened to Supersemar is a warrant signed by the President of the Republic of Indonesia Sukarno on March 11, 1966.

This letter contains commands that instruct Soeharto, as the Commander of Security Operations Command and Order (Pangkopkamtib) to take any actions deemed necessary to overcome the poor security situation at that time.

Eleven March this Warrant is issued version of the Army Headquarters (AD) are also recorded in history books. Some among historians Indonesia said that there are different versions so it is still searchable text Supersemar Supersemar issued by President Soekarno in Bogor.

The exit Supersemar

According to the official version, originally Supersemar discharge occurs when, on March 11, 1966, President Soekarno hold inaugural session of the enhanced Dwikora Cabinet known as the "100 cabinet ministers." At the time the trial started, Brigadier General Sabur as commander of the presidential guard troops' Tjakrabirawa reported that many "wild troops" or "unknown forces" who later revealed the Kostrad troops under the command of Maj. Gen. Kemal Idris, a duty to arrest people who are in Cabinet which allegedly involved the G-30-S include First Deputy Prime Minister Soebandrio.

Based on these reports, the President along with Vice Prime Minister and First Deputy Prime Minister Soebandrio III Chaerul Saleh went to Bogor by helicopter that had been prepared. While the trial was finally closed by the Deputy Prime Minister II Dr.J. Leimena which is then followed to Bogor.

This situation is reported to Major-General Suharto (who later became the President replacing Sukarno) who at that time as Commander of the Army to replace Lt. Gen. Ahmad Yani who died due to events that G-30-S/PKI. Major General (Mayjend) Soeharto at that time did not attend the cabinet meeting because of illness. (Some people assessing the absence of Soeharto in the cabinet meeting considered the scenario Suharto to wait for the situation. Because regarded as a gaffe.)

Major General Suharto sent three high-ranking officer (AD) to Bogor to meet President Soekarno at the Bogor Palace Brigadier General M. Jusuf, Brigadier-General and Brigadier-General Amirmachmud Basuki Rahmat. Arriving at the Bogor Palace, at night, there was conversation between the three high-ranking Army by President Sukarno on the situation and the three officers stated that Suharto Mayjend able to control the situation and restore security when given an assignment letter or power of attorney which authorizes him to take action. According to Gen. (ret) M. Joseph, and talks with President Sukarno until 20:30 o'clock at night.

President Sukarno agreed to it and made an order known as Warrant Eleven March popularly known as Supersemar Mayjend addressed to Suharto as the commander of the Army to take necessary measures to restore security and order.

Supersemar letter arrived in Jakarta on March 12, 1966 at 01.00 local time which was taken by the Secretary Budiono Headquarters Army Brig. It is based on the narrative Sudharmono, at which time he received a call from Mayjend Sutjipto, Chairman of the G-5 KOTI, March 11, 1966 around 10pm. Sutjipto called for the dissolution of the concept of PKI is prepared and should be completed that same evening. The request was on the orders Mayjend Pangkopkamtib who chaired by Suharto. Sudharmono even had time to argue with Moerdiono about the legal basis Supersemar text until it arrives.

Some controversy about Supersemar

   Ω  According to one of three Army officers who eventually received the letter, when they re-read the letter on the way back to Jakarta, one of the senior officers who then read it commented "Why is khan transfer of power". It is not clear then the original manuscript Supersemar because a few years later the original manuscript of this letter declared missing and loss of this letter is not clear by whom and where because of the perpetrator's history of events "birth Supersemar was already dead. Later, the family M. Jusuf said that the manuscript Supersemar exists on a personal document M. Jusuf stored in a bank.

    Ω According to the testimony of one of the presidential guard at the presidential palace in Bogor, First Lieutenant (First Lieutenant) Sukardjo Wilardjito, when the confession was written in various mass media after the Reform of 1998 which also marked the end of New Order and the rule of President Suharto. He stated that the senior officers who attended the Bogor Palace on the evening of March 11, 1966 morning at 01.00 local time instead of three officers, but four of the next officer Brigadier General (Brig) M. Panggabean. Even when events Supersemar Brig M. Joseph took the folder bearing the Army Headquarters, pink, and Brigadier General M. Gen. Basuki Rahmat Pangabean and pointing a gun toward President Sukarno and insisted that President Sukarno signed the letter which he said was a letter of instruction Eleven March that it is not clear what it contained. Sukardjo First Lieutenant who was in charge of guarding the president, also replied to put a gun in the direction of the generals but President Sukarno ordered Soekardjo to lower his gun and menyarungkannya. According to him, the President then signed the letter, and after the signing, President Soekarno notice if the situation has been restored, the mandate must be immediately returned. The meeting broke up and when the fourth high-ranking officers were returning to Jakarta. Soekardjo President Sukarno told that he must leave the palace. "I had to get out of the palace, and you have to be careful," he said mimicking the message of President Sukarno. Not long after (about 30 minutes later) Bogor Palace was occupied by troops from RPKAD and Kostrad, First Lieutenant Sukardjo and his fellow guards stripped later arrested and detained in a military detention and discharged from military service. Some have doubted the testimony Soekardjo Wilardjito, even one of the perpetrators of history Supersemar, General (Ret.) M. Jusuf, and Gen. (ret) M Panggabean denied the incident.

   Ω According to testimony A.M. Hanafi in his book "AM Hanafi Menggugat Suharto's Coup", a former Indonesian ambassador in Cuba who was sacked unconstitutionally by Suharto. He denied the testimony of Lieutenant Sukardjo Wilardjito who said that the presence of M. General Panggabean the Bogor Palace along with three other generals (Amirmachmud, M. Jusuf and Basuki Rahmat) on March 11, 1966 dawn of pointing a weapon against President Sukarno. According to him, at that time, President Sukarno to stay at the Merdeka Palace, Jakarta, for the purposes of the cabinet meeting in the morning. Similarly, all the ministers or most of the ministers had stayed in the palace to avoid if the new coming the next day, the demonstrations that have been huddled in Jakarta. AM Hanafi Own attend the trial along with Deputy Prime Minister (Waperdam) Chaerul Saleh. According to his writings in his book, the three generals was that these are to go to the presidential palace in Bogor, meet with President Sukarno, who went there first. And they departed from the palace said previously, the independent court Amir Machmud call to the Commissioner of Soemirat, personal bodyguard of President Soekarno in Bogor, ask permission to come to Bogor. And all of that there are witnesses-witnesses. The three generals are apparently already brought one text, called now Supersemar. It was there that Bung Karno, but not mugged, because they come all right. But outside the palace was surrounded by demonstrations and there are tanks in the streets outside the palace. Given such circumstances, it seems that President Sukarno signed the letter. So AM Hanafi said, knowing him, because he was not present in Bogor but staying in the Presidential Palace along with other ministers. So yangdatang the Bogor Palace there is no General Panggabean. Mr Panggabean, who was then serving as Minister of Defense, was not present.

   Ω About typist Supersemar. Who exactly who typed the letter, still not clear. There are some people who claim to type the letter, among others, Lieutenant Colonel (Retired) Ali Ebram Army, then as a staff assistant I Cakrabirawa Intelligence.

   Ω Testimony submitted to the foreign historian, Ben Anderson, by a soldier who had served in the Bogor Palace. The Army argued that the Supersemar typed on a letterhead letter headquarters of the Army, not on presidential letterhead paper. This is according to Ben is the reason why Supersemar lost or intentionally removed.

Various efforts have made the National Archives to obtain clarity on this letter. In fact, the National Archives has repeatedly asked the General (Ret.) M. Joseph, who was the last witness until his death 8 September 2004, to be willing to explain what really happened, but always failed. This institution also had to ask for help when it served Muladi the State Secretary, Jusuf Kalla, and M. Saelan, even asking the House to summon M. Jusuf. Until now, the National Archives that effort never materialized. Another key witness, is a former president Soeharto. But with the death of former President Soeharto on January 27, 2008, made history Supersemar more difficult to reveal.

With confusion Supersemar that, among the historians and the laws of Indonesia said that the incident G-30-S/PKI and Supersemar is one of the few Indonesian history that is still dark